Khadija - AP Biology posts 1-50

50. Lipid used for energy storage: Oil is an example of a lipid used for energy storage. Lipids are any of a group of organic compounds including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, nucleic acids, and triglycerides. Lipids are characterized by being insoluble in water, and account for most of the fat present in the human body.

49. Eukaryote: A cat is also an example of a eukaryotic organism. Cats and most other animals are Eukaryotes. A eukaryote is any single-celled or multi cellular organism whose cells contain atleast one distinct nucleaus.










48. Eukaryote: This picture of sliced cucumber is an example of a eukaryotic organism. A eukaryote is any single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain atleast one distinct nucleus. This cucumber and all other plants are eukaryotes.

47. Pollen: This picture of a flower taken in my neighbor's backyard is an example of pollen. This flower, like most other flowers, produces pollen. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes which produce the male gametes of seed plants.

46. Auxin producing area of a plant: This is a picture of my Coleus plant. Auxin is a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation. Auxin moves to the darker side of the plant, causing the cells there to grow larger than the corresponding cells on the lighter side of the plant. This promotes the curving of the plant stem tip towards the light. In this picture, the auxin producing areas of the plant are the stem tips.

45. Fermentation: The muffin pictured here is also an example of fermentation. This muffin and all other types of bread undergo fermentation. During the fermentation process of bread, sugar is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide forms bubbles, which get trapped by the gluten of the wheat causing the bread to rise.

44. Fermentation: This picture of yogart is an example of fermentation. Yogart is created through lactic acid fermentation. It is made by fermenting milk with friendly bacteria. The presence of lactic acid, produced during lactic acid fermentation is responsible for the sour taste and for the improved microbiological stability and safety of the foods. The production of foods such as yougart and cheese involves lactic acid fermentation.

43. Meristem: This is a picture of my Begonia plant. A meristem is the tissue in all plants consisting of undifferentiated cells and found in zones of the plant where new growth can or is taking place. In this blurred picture, there is growth taking place as a small leaf is growing. Meristem cells are typically small cells with a dense cytoplasm and few small vacuoles. Meristemic cells are analagous in function to stem cells in animals because they are not differentiated and are capable of continued cellular division.

42. Exoskeleton: This picture of an insect taken in my back yard is an example of an organism that has an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is a hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea. This insect like all insects has an exoskeleton.

41. Gibberellins: This picture of a plant taken in my back yard is an example of an organism that contains gibberellins. Gibberellins is a plant hormone that regulates growth and influences various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, etc. Gibberellins is found in this plant and all other plants. Gibberellins is one of the 5 major classes of plant hormones, others being auxin, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene.

40. ATP: This picture of a plant taken in my front yard is an example of an organism that synthesizes ATP. ATP is a compound existing of the nucleotide adenosine attached through its ribose group to three phospharic acid molecules. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is an energy source produced during photosynthesis in plants and cellular respiration.

39. Ethylene: This picture of a ripening banana and tomato is an example of fruits that release ethylene during their ripening process. Ethylene is a plant hormone which differs from other plant hormones in being a gas. Ethylene is released by fruits such as apples, pears, bananas and tomatoes during their ripening process. Ethylene promotes ripening and also affects many other plant functions such as seed germination, flower formation and drooping of leaves.

38. Radial Symmetry: This picture is of a lemon cut across the middle. This lemon also, like the apple, depicts radial symmetry. This lemon has similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis and thus it depicts radial symmetry.

37. Tropism: This picture of my Begonia plant, which is growing by the window in my kitchen, is an example of tropism. Tropism is a biological phenomenon indicating growth or turning movement of a biological organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus. This Begonia plant is an example of tropism because the plant is growing at a tilt towards the window in order to get sunlight which it needs to carry out the process of photosynthesis.

36. Unicellular Organism: This picture of a bagel is an example of a unicellular organism. Bagels and all other types of breads contain yeast. Yeast is a type of single-celled fungus and an often humid yellowish froth, made of these fungi, is used in medicine, in baking and in brewing beer.

35. Radial Symmetry: This picture of an apple cut horizontally across the middle is an example of radial symmetry. Radial symmetry is a form of symmetry, arranged equally in all directions from a central point, thus any plane through the central point will be divided into mirror images pieces. This apple depicts radial symmetry.

34. Connective tissue: This picture of my sister's ear is also an example of connective tissue. Cartilage, which is a type of dense connective tissue found in many organs and between many joints, is found in the nose, ears, ribcage, bronchial tubes and inter vertebral discs of the human body.







33. Connective Tissue: This picture of my sister, but more importantly her nose, is an example of connective tissue. Connective tissue is a material made up of fibers that forms a framework and support structure for body tissues and organs. The cartilage and bone in her nose is an example of connective tissue.

32. Asexual Reproduction: This blurred picture of dandelions, which was taken in my neighbor's front lawn, is also an example of asexual reproduction. Some plants use their roots for asexual reproduction. The dandelion is a common example. Trees, such as the poplar or aspen, send up new stems from their roots and also reproduce asexually.

31. Asexual Reproduction: This onion pictured here is an example of a plant that reproduces asexually. Asexual reproduction in plants is known as vegetative propagation. Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction in multicellular plants, in which new plants develop from the roots, stems, or leaves of the parent plant. The onion plant uses bulbs to reproduce asexually.

30. Frond: This is a picture of a part of a frond which I found in my back yard. A frond is a large leaf with many divisions to it, and the term is typically used for the leaves of palms, ferns or cycads. This picture is a good example of a frond because it is a part of a large leaf with many divisions.

29. Bilateral symmetry: This picture of a leaf is an example of bilateral symmetry. Bilateral symmetry is a basic body plan in which the left and right sides of the organism can be divided into approximate mirror images of each other along the mid line. The leaf pictured here can be vertically folded into approximate mirror images of each other.

28. CAM plant: This picture of a pineapple is an example of a CAM plant. A CAM plant is is a type of plant that employs an alternative photosynthesis pathway where CO2 enters the open stomata of the leaf during the night, allowing the stomata to close during the day to reduce water loss. This adaptation is useful in very hot, arid climates. The pineapple is an example of this type of plant.

27. C4 plant: This picture of corn is an example of a C4 plant. A C4 plant is a plants whereby the first organic product of carbon-fixation is a four-carbon compound, which is formed prior to the Calvin cycle. This adaptation is advantageous in hot regions with intense sunlight as it minimizes photorespiration and maximizes sugar production. Corn is an example of this type of plant.

26. Cuticle layer of a plant: This picture of my Begonia plant is an example of the cuticle layer of a plant. The cuticle layer of a plant, like the epithelial tissue of a human or an onion, serves to protect the plant. In this picture the cuticle layer is the waxy covering on the leaf produced by the epidermal cells of the leaves.


25. Epithelial tissue- This picture of the outer skin of an onion is also an example of an epithelial tissue. This skin of an onion, like the skin of a human, serves to form the outer covering of and to protect the onion.

24. Epithelial tissue- This picture of the skin of my hand is an example of epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue is composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body. Many glands are also formed from epithelial tissue. In this picture the epithelial tissue is the skin on my hand and it protects my body.

23. Long-day plant- This picture of lettuce is also an example of a long-day plant. Lettuce, like potatoes, requires light for a longer period than it would normally receive from daylight in order to induce flowering. Other examples of long-day plants include wheat and spinach.

22. Long-day plant: This potato pictured here is an example of a long-day plant. A long-day plant is a plant which requires light for a longer period than it would normally receive from daylight in order to induce flowering. Examples of long-day plants include potatoes, wheat, lettuce, spinach etc.

21. Rhizome: This picture of a ginger is an example of a rhizome. A rhizome is a characteristically horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes may also be referred to as creeping rootstalks, or rootstocks. This ginger is an example of a plant with an underground rhizome.

20. Cambium: This picture of a tree trunk, that was taken in my backyard, is an example of a cambium. Cambium is the layer of active cells that separates the xylem and the phloem. These cells produce the new xylem and phloem that are represented by the annual rings of trees. In this particular picture, the cambium is located between the phloem and the xylem inside the tree trunk.

19. Xylem: This picture of a tree, which was taken in the front yard of my friend's house, is an example of xylem. In vascular plants, xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue, phloem being the other. Xylem is the layer in the trunk of a tree that carries water and nutrients absorbed from the soil by the roots to the leaves. It is located between the heartwood and the cambium layer

18. Phloem: This picture of a tree, which was taken in my front yard, is an example of phloem. Phloem is the living tissue that carries organic nutrients (known as photosynthate), particularly sucrose, a sugar, to all parts of the plant where needed. In this tree, the phloem is the innermost layer of the bark. The phloem is mainly concerned with the transport of soluble organic material made during photosynthesis.

17. Autotroph: This picture of grass, which was taken in my back yard, is also an example of an autotroph. Grass also, like the tree, uses simple inorganic molecules to produce complex organic compounds using light from the sun through the process of photosynthesis.

16. Autotroph: An autotroph is an organism that produces complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules using energy from light (by photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions. This picture of a tree, which was taken in my back yard, is an example of an autotroph. This tree produces organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules through the process of photosynthesis.

15. Ectotherm- this picture of an insect taken on a bench in my back yard is another example of an ectotherm. This insect, even though it is blurry, is also a cold-blooded animal and its body temperature is controlled by the external environment.

14. Ectotherm- Ectotherm is a cold-blooded animal which regulates its body temperature by exchanging heat with its surroundings. This picture of a slug, which was taken in my backyard, is an example of a cold-blooded animal. Slugs are ectothermic and are poorly adapted with life on land since they dehydrate very quickly. This picture was taken right after it stopped raining and the slugs were still present.

13. Endotherm: An endotherm is a warm-blooded animal, like a bird and mammal, capable of regulating its internal temperature. This picture, which was taken in my front yard, is a picture of a bird and birds are warm-blooded animals.

12. Enzyme: This browning apple is also an example of a type of enzyme. When apples are cut and exposed to oxygen they begin to turn brown. The actual mechanism that causes browning in apples and potatoes involves an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase. The browning reaction results from the oxidation of phenolic compounds in the fruit under the action of an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which is common in apples.

11. Enzyme: This picture of a carton of milk is an example of enzymes.
Enzymes are proteins that have biological functions. Cow's milk is known to contain many enzymes. One of the type of enzymes found in milk is lipase. Lipases are enzymes that degrade fats. The major lipase found in milk is lipoprotein lipase.

10. This picture of Italian bread is an example of a member of Kingdom
Fungi. Bread contains yeast which is a eukaryotic microorganism classified in the Fungi Kingdom.

9. This picture is an example of a member of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom includes all flowering plants, mosses and ferns. This plant found in my backyard is a member of the plant kingdom.

8. There are 6 major kingdoms and they are plants, animal, protists, fungi, archaebacteria and Eubacteria. This picture of my cousin and my sister is an example of the animal kingdom. The animal kingdom includes all mammals, humans and animals.

7. This picture of an egg is an example of an amniotic egg. An amniotic egg is

a shelled, water-retaining egg that enables reptiles, birds and egg-laying mammals (eg, platypus) to complete their life cycles on dry land. This picture of an egg that we eat is an amniotic egg.

6. This picture of bread and bagels is an example of complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are a complex form of sugar found in bread, cereal, grain and foods high in starch. Complex carbohydrates can also be found in nuts and seeds.

5. This picture of a watermelon and apple is an example of simple carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates are called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates and are found in fruits in the form of sugar. This picture is a good example of a simple type of carbohydrate because both the apple and watermelon contain sugar.

4. Another class of protein is known as regulatory proteins. Regulatory proteins called troponin and tropomyosin are found in skeletal muscles of the human body. These proteins are responsible for regulating the contractions in skeletal muscle fibers. This is a picture of my brother and regulatory proteins are found in the muscles in his arms.

3. Another class of protein is known as structural proteins. Structural proteins provide strength and protection to cells. They are typically insoluble. Akeratins are the major proteins of the skin, hair, and fingernails. This is a picture of the skin on my hand which contains akeratins.

2. Another class of protein is called transport protein. Transport protein is a protein that carries a molecule through some part of the body such as the blood stream or across a membrane; for example, hemoglobin.

This is the picture of the veins in my wrist. Blood can be found inside my veins which contains hemoglobin, the protein found inside of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

1. Enzyme: one class of protein is called enzyme. Cheese is a good example of the enzyme class because cheese contains rennet, an enzyme complex produced in the stomach of all mammals. The enzyme called rennet has to be introduced to milk in order to make cheese.